|
| [Note Guidelines] Photographer's Note |
In physiology, a smile is a facial expression formed by flexing muscles most notably near both ends of the mouth, but also around the eyes. Among humans, it is customarily an expression of pleasure or amusement, but can also be an involuntary expression of anxiety, in which case it can be known as a grimace. There is much evidence that smiling is a normal reaction to certain stimuli and occurs regardless of culture. Happiness most often causes the smile to occur, though. Many studies indicate that smiling is an innate reaction, as children blind from birth, and even human fetuses smile; however feral children generally do not smile, perhaps lending evidence to the contrary, perhaps indicating the profound psychological disturbance that results in a member of a social species brought up with no elders or peers. Among animals, the exposure of teeth, which may bear a resemblance to a smile, are often used as a threat - known as a snarl - or a sign of submission.
Smiling not only changes a facial expression, but can also make the brain produce endorphins which reduce physical and emotional pain, and give a greater sense of well-being.
The "Duchenne smile", after the researcher Guillaume Duchenne, is the most studied, and involves the movement of both the zygomaticus major muscle near the mouth and the orbicularis oculi muscle near the eyes. An example of the smile is shown in Jo's smile. It is believed that the Duchenne smile is only produced as an involuntary response to genuine emotion, and is therefore what one could call the "genuine" smile. Due to the involvement of the muscle near the eyes, it is sometime said that one can tell whether or not a smile is "real" by whether or not it "reaches the eyes".
This photo of Jo was taken at Costa da Caparica in a party.
Exposure Time: 10/400 sec
F-Stop: f/2.8
ISO Speed Ratings: 160
Focal Length: 7.9 mm |
bullybeef53, Martynas, TheMystic has marked this note useful
Only registered TrekLens members may rate photo notes. |
|
![Gold Star Critiquer/Gold Star Workshop Editor/Gold Note Writer [C: 143 W: 85 N: 376]](http://i1.treklens.com/misc/g-g-g.gif)
(2955)
![Gold Star Critiquer/Silver Workshop Editor/Gold Note Writer [C: 977 W: 30 N: 1436]](http://i1.treklens.com/misc/g-s-g.gif){kind=small}
![Silver Star Critiquer/Silver Note Writer [C: 16 W: 0 N: 15]](http://i1.treklens.com/misc/s-n-s.gif){kind=small}