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| [Note Guidelines] Photographer's Note |
his is the Typhoon again at Dawlish airshow, this time on a low pass acroos the bay, the green glow from the cockpit is the HUD (Head Up Display) that the pilot gets various information from so that he doesn't need to look away from where he is going.
Thanks to all who viw and comment on my pictures.
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History
Co-Pilot's HUD of a C-130JThe first HUDs were essentially advancements of static gun sight technology for military fighter aircraft. Rudimentary HUDs simply projected a “pipper” to aid aircraft gun aiming. As HUDs advanced, more (and more complex) information was added. HUDs soon displayed computed gunnery solutions, using aircraft information such as airspeed and angle of attack, thus greatly increasing the accuracy pilots could achieve in air to air battles.
In Great Britain, it was soon noted that pilots flying with new gun-sights were becoming better at piloting their aircraft. At this point, the HUD expanded its use beyond a weapon aiming instrument into a piloting tool. In the 1960s, French test-pilot Gilbert Klopfstein created the first modern HUD, and a standardized system of HUD symbols so that pilots would only have to learn one system and could more easily transition between aircraft. 1975 saw the development of the modern HUD to be used in instrument flight rules approaches to landing.[1] Klopfstein pioneered HUD technology in military fighter jets and helicopters, aiming to centralize critical flight data within the pilot's field of vision. This approach sought to increase the pilot’s scan efficiency and reduce “task saturation” and information overload.
In the 1970s, the HUD was introduced to commercial aviation.[2]
In 1988, the Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme became the first production car with a head-up display.[3]
Until a few years ago, the Embraer 190 and Boeing 737 New Generation Aircraft (737-600,700,800, and 900 series) were the only commercial passenger aircraft to come with an optional HUD. Now, however, the technology is becoming more common with aircraft such as the Canadair RJ, Airbus A318 and several business jets featuring the device. Furthermore, the Airbus A320, A330, A340 and A380 families are currently undergoing the certification process for a HUD.[4]
[edit] Types
There are two types of HUD. Fixed HUDs require the user to look through a display element attached to the airframe or vehicle chassis. The system determines the image to be presented depending solely on the orientation of the vehicle. Most aircraft HUDs are fixed. Helmet mounted displays (HMD) are technically a form of HUD, the distinction being that they feature a display element that moves with the orientation of the user's head vice the airframe. Many modern fighters (such as F/A-18, F-22, Eurofighter) use both a HUD and an HMD concurrently. The F-35 Lightning II was designed without a HUD, relying solely on the HMD, making it the first modern military fighter not to have a fixed HUD.
Info from Wikipedia |
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