| Photo Information |
Copyright: efser unsal (efi)
![Gold Star Critiquer/Silver Workshop Editor/Gold Note Writer [C: 211 W: 11 N: 183]](http://i1.treklens.com/misc/g-s-g.gif) (3308) |
| Genre: Places |
| Medium: Color |
| Date Taken: 2009-11-05 |
| Categories: Architecture |
| Exposure: f/13.0, 1/200 seconds |
| More Photo Info: [view] |
| Photo Version: Original Version |
| Date Submitted: 2009-11-08 0:47 |
| Viewed: 80 |
| Points: 6 |
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| [Note Guidelines] Photographer's Note |
bodrum castle:Confronted with the invasion of Seljuk Turks, the Knights Hospitaller, with their headquarters on the island of Rhodes, needed another stronghold on the mainland. Grand Master Philibert de Naillac (1396-1421) found a suitable site across the island of Kos, where there was already a castle of the Order. This location had been already the site of a fortification in Doric times (1110 BC) and of a small Seljuk castle in the 11th century. The same promontory was also the probable site of the palace of Mausolos, the famous king of Caria. [1]
View from the south-eastThe construction of the castle started in 1402 under the German knight-architect Heinrich Schlegelholt. Construction workers were guaranteed a reservation in Heaven by a papal decree of 1409. They used squared green volcanic stone, marble columns and reliefs from the nearby Mausoleum of Maussollos to fortify the castle. The first walls were completed in 1437. The chapel was among the first completed inner structures (probably 1406). It consists of a vaulted nave and an apse. The chapel was reconstructed in Gothic style by Spanish Knights in 1519-1520. Their names can be found on two cornerstones of the façade.
Fourteen cisterns for collecting rainwater were excavated in the rocks under the castle.
Each tongue of the Order had its own tower, each in his own style and the French tower being the tallest. Each tongue, each headed by a bailli, was responsible for the maintenance and defence of a specific portion of the fortress and responsible for manning it with sufficient numbers of knights and soldiers. There were seven gates leading to the inner part of the fortress. The architect had applied the latest in castle design : the passages leading to these gates were full of twists and turns. Eventual assailants could not find cover against the arrows, stones or heated projectiles they had to confront. The Knights had placed above the gates and on the walls hundreds of painted coats of arms and carved reliefs. There remain now 249 separate designs : those of grand masters, castle commandants, countries, personal coat of arms of knights and religious figures.
wikipedia
sonbaharda bODRum KAlesİ:
Bodrum kalesi iki liman arasında kayalık bir alan üzerinde kurulmuştur. Antik çağda önce ada olan bu alan sonraları kente bağlanarak yarımada durumuna gelmiştir.
1406 - 1523 tarihleri arasinda inşa edilen St. Jean Sövalyeleri'nin kalesi, kare planlı, 180 x 185 m. ölçülerindedir. İç kale içinde değişik ülke adları verilmiş kuleler bulunmaktadır. En yüksek kule deniz seviyesinden 47.50 m. yükseklikte olan Fransız Kulesi'dir. Diğer kuleler İtalyan Kulesi, Alman Kulesi, Yılanlı Kule ve İngiliz Kulesidir.
Kalenin doğu duvarı dışında kalan bölümleri çift beden duvarları olarak takviye edilmiştir. İç kaleye 7 kapı geçilerek ulaşılır. Kapılar üzerinde armalar bulunmaktadır. Armalar üzerinde haçlar, düz veya yatay bantlar, ejder ve aslan figürleri bulunmaktadır. İç kalede Sapelin alti dahil olmak üzere 14 sarnıç vardır. Kale korugani, çiftli duvarlar arası su hendeği, asma köprü, kontrol kulesi, II. Mahmut tuğrası kalenin göze çarpan yerlerindendir.
Bodrum Kalesi, 19. yüzyil sonunda kalenin hapishane olarak kullanıldığı dönemde bir hamam yapısı ile Osmanlı niteliği kazanmistir.
Kale bugün Sualtı Arkeoloji Müzesi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Müze koleksiyonlarında bulunan eserler Türk hamamı, Amphora sergilemesi, Doğu Roma Gemisi, Cam Salonu, Cam Batığı, Sikke ve Mücevherat Salonu, Karyalı Prenses Salonu, İngiliz Kulesi, İşkence ve Katliam Odaları ve Alman Kulesi'nde sergilenmektedir. Ayrıca, 33.5 dönüm genişliğindeki bir arazi üzerine kurulmuş olan kalede açık mekanlarda da eser sergilenmektedir.
Müze, 1995 yılında Avrupa'da Yılın Müzesi Yarışması'nda "Özel Övgü" ödülünü almıştır |
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