| Photo Information |
Copyright: Lucio Red (Redrubin)
![Gold Star Critiquer/Gold Note Writer [C: 483 W: 9 N: 615]](http://i1.treklens.com/misc/g-n-g.gif) (4755) |
| Genre: Places |
| Medium: Black & White |
| Date Taken: 2006-05-26 |
| Categories: Architecture |
| Exposure: f/4, 1/400 seconds |
| More Photo Info: [view] |
| Photo Version: Original Version |
| Date Submitted: 2008-05-14 0:28 |
| Viewed: 344 |
| Points: 38 |
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| [Note Guidelines] Photographer's Note |
SEE YOU ON SUNDAY 18th I M LEAVING FOR SWEDEN (not for work but to catch photos for your pleasure!!!) ahah
ahahahaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahahaha
TO ALL TL FRIENDS GOOD BYE!!!
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Designed by: Ivan Mestrovic
Construction Completed: 1928
Type: Monument
Maximum Height: 17 feet / 5 meters
(including spires, antennae, etc...)
Location: Congress Parkway at Michigan Avenue
Area: Grant Park
Post Code: 60605
City: Chicago, Illinois
"The Bowman and The Spearman" ... made by Yogoslav/Croatian Ivan Mestrovic (1928)
1928, Bronze figures, H 17 ft. (each)
Commissioned by the B.F. Ferguson Monument Fund ..
LOCATION: Grant Park, Michigan Ave. at Congress Pkwy.
Sculptor Ivan Mestrovic intended his monumental figures to commemorate the Native American and symbolize the struggle to settle this country. The figures are lean and muscular, tensed for the actions of hurling a spear and releasing an arrow. Mestrovic has heightened the forcefulness of these gestures by making viewers use their imaginations to supply the missing weapons. Although they are modeled in-the-round, the equestrians are viewed to their most monumental effect as relief silhouettes against the sky.
A part of Chicago Public Art Program ..
*NOTE* - Ivan Mestrovic [1883-1962] is a WORLD RENOWNED sculptor. Though born in Croatia, he later took American citizenship. President Dwight D. Eisenhower had personally presided over the ceremony to grant Mestrovic the American citizenship in 1954!!! He was the first person to have a one man show at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.
Ivan Meštrović was born in the town of Vrpolje in Slavonia, but spent his childhood in a small village of Otavice in the Dalmatian hinterland. Both of these modern-day Croatian regions were in Austria-Hungary at the time. As a child, Meštrović listened to epic poetry, folk songs and historical ballads while he tended sheep, and this inspired him to carve both in wood and stone. Being the son of a religious woman who recited the Bible by heart, he taught himself to read by comparing the text from their copy of the Bible (acquired by his father, the only literate man in the village) and what he heard from his mother, at the age of twelve.
At the age of sixteen, a master stone cutter from Split Pavle Bilinić noticed his talent and he took him as an apprentice. His artistic skills were improved by studying the monumental buildings in the city and his education at the hands of Bilinić's wife, who was a high-school teacher. Soon, they found a mine owner from Vienna who paid for Meštrović to move there and be admitted to the Art Academy. He had to quickly learn German from scratch and adjust to the new environment, but he persevered and successfully finished his studies.
In 1905 he made his first exhibit with the Secession Group in Vienna, noticeably influenced with the Art Nouveau style. His work quickly became popular, even with the likes of Auguste Rodin, and he soon earned enough for him and his wife (since 1904) Ruža Klein to travel to more international exhibitions.
In 1908 Meštrović moved to Paris and the sculptures made in this period earned him international reputaton. In 1911 he moved to Belgrade, and soon after to Rome where he received the grand prix for the Serbian Pavilion on the 1911 Rome International Exhibition. He remained in Rome to spend four years studying ancient Greek sculpture.
In the onset of the World War I, after the assassination in Sarajevo, Meštrović tried to move back to Split via Venice, but was dissuaded by threats made because of his political opposition to the Austro-Hungarian authorities. During the war he also travelled to make exhibits in Paris, Cannes, London and in Switzerland. He was one of the members of the Yugoslav Committee.
After the WWI he moved back home to the newly formed Yugoslavia and met the second love of his life, Olga Kesterčanek, whom he married shortly after. They had four children: Marta, Tvrtko, Maria and Mate, all of who were born in Zagreb, where they settled in 1922. They would later spend the winter months in their mansion in Zagreb and the summer months in a summer house he built by the end of the 1930s in Split. He became a professor and later the director of the Art Institute in Zagreb, and proceeded to build numerous internationally renowned works as well as many donated chapels and churches and grants to art students.
By 1923 he designed the mausoleum for the Račić family at Cavtat[1], and he also created a set of statues for a never-built Yugoslav national temple that would be erected in Kosovo to commemorate the battle that happened there in 1389.[2]
He continued to travel to post his exhibits around the world: he displayed at the Brooklyn Museum in New York in 1924, in Chicago in 1925, he even traveled to Egypt and Palestine in 1927. In 1927 he entered a design for the coins of the Irish Free State, and though his design arrived too late for consideration it was adopted in 1965 as the seal of the Central Bank of Ireland.[3]
Being in conflict with both the Italians (since he opposed their irredentist territorial pursuit of Dalmatia) and the Germans (since he declined Hitler's invitation to Berlin in the 1930s), he was briefly imprisoned by the Ustaše during World War II. With help from the Vatican he was released, and relocated first to Venice and Rome, and later to Switzerland. Unfortunately not all of his family managed to escape -- his first wife Ruža died in 1942 and many from her Jewish family were killed in the Holocaust. Later, his brother Petar was imprisoned by the emerging Communists, which further depressed the artist. Marshall Tito's government in Yugoslavia eventually invited Meštrović back, but he refused to live in a communist country.
In 1946, Syracuse University offered him a professorship, and he moved to the United States. President Dwight D. Eisenhower personally presided over the 1954 ceremony granting Meštrović American citizenship. He went on to become a professor at the University of Notre Dame in 1955.
Before he died, Meštrović returned to Yugoslavia one last time in order to visit the imprisoned Cardinal Alojzije Stepinac and Tito himself. At the request of various people from his homeland he sent 59 statues from the United States to Yugoslavia (including the monument of Njegoš), and in 1952 even signed off his Croatian estates to the people, including over 400 sculptures and numerous drawings.
The early deaths of two of his children preceded his own. His daughter Marta, who moved with him to the US, died in 1949 at the age of 24; his son Tvrtko, who remained in Zagreb, was 39 when he died in 1961. After creating four clay sculptures to memorialize his children, Ivan Meštrović died in early 1962 at the age of 79, in South Bend, Indiana. In accordance with his wishes, his remains were transferred to a mausoleum in his childhood home of Otavice.
His son Matthew (Mate) Meštrović is an American university professor of Modern European history and worked as a Contributing Editor of ”TIME”, served as a lieutenant in the US. Army PsyWar.He was president of the Croatian National congress and lobbied on behalf of Croatian serf determination in Washington ,Western Europe and Australia and a deputy in the Croatian Parliament , member of Croatia’s delegation to the Council of Europe and the Interparliamentary Union and served as ambassador in the Foreign Ministry, recipient of Croatian and Bulgarian decorations. Because of his father's and his own political anticommunist believes and commitment to freedom was declared by the Yugoslav regime enemy Number One of the Yugoslav State and a top CIA agent .
His grandson Stjepan is a sociology professor at Texas A&M and author of several books.
After 80 years of submitting the design for Irish coinage it is finally used on a 2007 Irish commemorative coin in cooperation with the Croatian bank.
He created over fifty monuments during his two years in Paris (1908-1910). The theme of the Serbian Battle of Kosovo particularly moved him, prompting one of his first great works, the Paris Kosovo Monument, and other works in bronze and stone. A lot of his early work revolved around such epic moments from Slavic history in an attempt to foster the pan-Slavic cause in his native country that was under Austro-Hungarian rule.
With the creation of the first Yugoslavia, his focus shifted to more mundane topics such as musical instruments or chapels. He particularly oriented himself towards religious items, mostly made of wood, under artistic influence from the Byzantine and Gothic architecture. The most renowned works from the early period are the Crucifix and Madonna; later he became more impressed by Michelangelo Buonarroti and created a large number of stone reliefs and portraits.
Statue of Gregory of Nin, in Split, Croatia, 1929.
His most famous monuments include:
• Gregory of Nin in Split
• Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Zagreb
• Gratitude to France in Belgrade
• Monument to the Unknown Hero, Avala, Belgrade
• Victor monument on Kalemegdan Fortress in Belgrade
• Svetozar Miletić in Novi Sad
• Nikola Tesla in Belgrade and Niagara Falls State Park (identical twin statues)
• Nikola Tesla in Zagreb
• History of Croats in the garden of Beli dvor in Belgrade[4], copy in the front of Zagreb University in Zagreb
• Njegoš mausoleum on Mount Lovćen in Montenegro
• The Spring of Life in Zagreb
• Domagoj's Archers in Zagreb (Meštrović Foundation)
• The Bowman and the Spearman in Chicago
Galleries including his work include:
• the Meštrović gallery in Split, formed after his major donation in 1950, which includes 86 statues in marble, stone, bronze, wood and gypsum, 17 drawings, and also eight bronze statues in the open garden, 28 reliefs in wood in the kaštelet and one stone crucifix
• the Ivan Meštrović Memorial Gallery created in 1973 in Vrpolje, his birthplace, with 35 works in bronze and plaster stone
• the People's Museum in Belgrade which holds monuments such as Miloš Obilić, Kosovo girl, Srđa Zlopogleđa, Kraljević Marko, Widow.
SRB
Meštrović je rođen u malom gradu Vrpolje u Slavoniji, ali je svoje detinjstvo proveo u selu Otavice u Dalmaciji (oba mesta se nalaze u Hrvatskoj koja se u to vreme nalazila u Austro-Ugarskoj). Kao dete, Meštrović je slušao epsku poeziju, narodne pesme i istorijske balade, dok je čuvao ovce. Rođen je u seoskoj katoličkoj porodici, a njegova religioznost oblikovala se pod uticajem pučke religioznosti, Biblije i kasnog Tolstoja.
Sa šesnaest godina, Harold Bilinić, kamenorezac iz Splita, prepoznao je njegov talenat i uzeo ga je za šegrta. Njegov umetnički talenat razvio se gledanjem znamenitih građevina Splita, uz pomoć pri školovanju Bilinićeve supruge, koja je bila profesor u srednjoj školi. Uskoro, pronašli su jednog bečkog vlasnika rudnika, koji je finansirao Ivanovo preseljenje i školovanje u Beču. Morao je u nakraćem roku da nauči da govori nemački i da se prilagodi novoj sredini, ali je uprokos brojnim problemima završio studije.
Svoju prvu izložbu priređuje 1905. godine u Beču sa grupom Secesija, uz primetan uticaj stila Art Nove. Njegov rad je ubrzo postao popularan i Meštrović počinje da zarađuje dovoljno za učešće na internacionalnim izložbama, na koje je putovao sa svojom suprugom Ružom Klajn.
Godine 1908. seli se u Pariz. Skulpture napravljene u tom periodu, donose mu međunarodnu reputaciju. U Beograd se seli 1911, a ubrzo potom u Rim, gde je primio nagradu za delo Srpski paviljon na rimskoj međunarodnoj izložbi. U Rimu je proveo naredne četiri godine studirajući na skulpturama antičke Grčke.
Na početku Prvog svetskog rata, posle atentata u Sarajevu, Meštrović je pokušao da se vrati u Split preko Venecije ali ga je od tog puta odvratio njegov opozicioni stav prema austro-ugarskim vlastima. Tokom rata putovao je da bi učestvovao na izložbama u Parizu, Kanu, Londonu i Švajcarskoj. Bio je član Jugoslovenskog odbora.
Posle Prvog svetskog rata vratio se kući, u novoosnovanu Kraljevinu Jugoslaviju i upoznao drugu ljubav svog života, Olgu Kesterčanek, sa kojom se oženio. Imali su 4 dece- Martu,koja je rođena u Beču i Trvtka,Mariju i Matu, koji su rođeni u Zagrebu, gde su se preselili 1922. Kasnije bi zimske mesece provodili u svojoj palati u Zagrebu, a letnje u letnjoj kući napravljenoj ' 30. godina u Splitu. Postao je profesor, a kasnije direktor Kulturnog instituta u Zagrebu. Nastavio je sa pravljenjem velikog broja dela.
Putovanjima po čitavom svetu su se nastavila, izlagao je svoja dela: u Bruklinskom muzeju (1924), Čikagu (1925), kao i u Egiptu i Palestini 1927. godine.
Zbog njegovog stava prema Italiji, kada je osudio italijanski iredintizam prema Dalmaciji, i Nemačkoj, kada je odbio Hitlerov poziv da poseti Berlin ' 30, ustaše su ga na kratko zatvorile tokom Drugog svetskog rata. Uz pomoć Vatikana, prebacio se u Veneciju i Rim, docnije u Švajcarsku. Cela njegova familija, nije uspela da se izvuče pred naletima rata – njegova prva žena Ruža Klajn umrla je 1942. zajedno sa svojom jevrejskom porodicom u Holokaustu. Kasnije, brata Petara zatvorile su komunističke vlasti.
Titova Jugoslavija je pozvala Meštrovića da se vrati, ali je on odbio da živi u komunističkoj zemlji. Godine 1946, Univerzitet u Sirakuzi ponudio mu je profesorsko mesto i on se preselio u Sjedinjene Države. Još 1945. dobio je američko državljanstvo, a deset godina kasnije postaje profesor na Univerzitetu Notr Dam.
Pre nego što je umro, Meštrović se na kratko vratio u Jugoslaviju poslednji put da bi posetio zatvorenog kardinala Alojzija Stepinca i Josipa Broza Tita.
Na zahtev jugoslovenskih kulturnih poslenika, poslao je 59 statua iz Sjedinjenih Država u Jugoslaviju (uključujući i spomenik Petra Petrovića Njegoša), a 1952. dodatnih 400 skulptura i različitih crteža.
Smrt Meštrovićeve dece kao da je uticala i na njegovu. Njegova kćerka Marta, koja se s njim doselila u Ameriku, umrla je u 24. godini 1949; njegov sin Tvrtko, koji je ostao u Zagrebu, umro je 1961. godine. Meštrović je napravio četiri glinene skulpture, da bi obeležio smrt svoje dece- Marte i Trvtka. Nekoliko meseci docnije, Ivan Meštrović je umro u svojoj 79. godini života u gradu Saut Bend, država Indijana (SAD). Prema njegovim poslednjim željama, poslednji ostaci su mu prebačeni u Otavice, gde su kremirani. |
zhelach, leeloo, szatanowska, MagdalenaN, cobra112, Silvio2006, mvdisco, Monika78 has marked this note useful
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