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Antique Typewriter Keyboard
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| [Note Guidelines] Photographer's Note |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typewriter
History
No single person or nation can be credited with the invention of the typewriter. As with the light bulb, automobile, telephone, and telegraph, a number of people contributed insights and inventions that eventually resulted in commercially successful instruments. In fact, historians have estimated that some form of typewriter was invented 52 times as tinkerers tried to come up with a workable design.[1]
In 1714, Henry Mill obtained a patent in Britain for a machine that, from the patent, appears to have been similar to a typewriter, but nothing further is known.[2] Other early developers of typewriting machines include Pellegrino Turri, who also invented carbon paper. Many of these early machines, including Turri's, were developed to enable the blind to write.
In 1829, William Austin Burt patented a machine called the "Typographer." Like many other early machines, it is sometimes listed as the "first typewriter"; the Science Museum (London) describes it merely as "the first writing mechanism whose invention was documented," but even that claim may be excessive, since Turri's machine is well known.[3] Even in the hands of its inventor, it was slower than handwriting. Burt and his promoter John D. Sheldon never found a buyer for the patent, and it was never commercially produced. Because it used a dial to select each character rather than keys, it was called an "index typewriter" rather than a "keyboard typewriter," if it is to be considered a typewriter at all.
By the mid-1800s, the increasing pace of business communication was creating a need for mechanization of the writing process. Stenographers and telegraphers could take down information at rates up to 130 words per minute, but a writer with a pen was limited to about 30 words per minute (the 1853 speed record).[4] From 1829 to 1870, many printing or typing machines were patented by inventors in Europe and America, but none went into commercial production.
Charles Thurber developed multiple patents; his first, in 1843, was developed as an aid to the blind. See Charles Thurber's 1845 Chirographer, as an example. In 1855, the Italian Giuseppe Ravizza created a prototype typewriter called "Cembalo scrivano o macchina da scrivere a tasti". It was an advanced machine that let the user see the writing as it was typed. In 1861, Father Francisco João de Azevedo, a Brazilian priest, made his own typewriter with basic materials and tools, such as wood and knives. D. Pedro I, the Brazilian emperor, in that same year, presented a gold medal to Father Azevedo for this invention. Many Brazilian people as well as the Brazilian federal government recognize Fr. Azevedo as the real inventor of the typewriter, a claim that has been the subject of some controversy.[5] In 1865, American John Pratt built a machine called the Pterotype which appeared in an 1867 Scientific American article and inspired other inventors. Between 1864 and 1867 Peter Mitterhofer, a carpenter from South Tyrol (then Austria) developed several models of a typewriter and a fully functioning prototype in 1867. |
cunejo200, Risoleta, marijo, machinelove, datis, Niva, neusser0204, Matylda76, mesquens1, Fortuna, tibig, Scharan2 has marked this note useful
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| Thread | Thread Starter |
Messages |
Updated |
| To Risoleta: ola | bucanas |
1 |
09-26 06:05 |
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hello..
if very old typewriter, you shot is good and sharp, well done...
- lele
![Gold Star Critiquer/Silver Workshop Editor/Gold Note Writer [C: 799 W: 49 N: 1711]](http://i1.treklens.com/misc/g-s-g.gif)
(11177) - [2008-09-26 5:00]
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ciao ralf..belllissimo lavoro..ottima descrizione..bello il pov..composizione molto astratta..ottimo lavoro..complimenti
lele
Hello Ralf,
Such a nostalgic image. I remember using my father's typewriter just like this as I was growing up. The diagonal isolation of keyboard is most pleasing. Good work. My compliments...Danilo
Ótimo macro Ralf. Bem nítido com um ótimo contraste. Perfeito nos detalhes.
Um ótimo final de semana
Risoleta
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- marijo
![Gold Star Critiquer/Gold Note Writer [C: 227 W: 0 N: 85]](http://i1.treklens.com/misc/g-n-g.gif)
(1466) - [2008-09-26 6:03]
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Oi Ralf,
Minha mãe ainda hoje tem uma dessas. Só você para postar uma foto assim e ela ficar super interessante.Uma maravilha.
Abraços
Maria
A stellar detail shot Ralf.
You could sell this as stock photo.
Excellent quality, artistically composed.
- Vincent
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- datis
![Gold Star Critiquer/Silver Note Writer [C: 112 W: 4 N: 30]](http://i1.treklens.com/misc/g-n-s.gif)
(640) - [2008-09-26 7:26]
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Great shot of this antique device. Thanks for note.
Regards, Daryoosh
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- Niva
(11802)
- [2008-09-26 7:38]
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Grande composição, Ralf!
Uma "relíquia" para os que hoje vivem no laptop !
Grande abraço, parabéns pela idéia!
Tenha um bom final de semana!
Nivaldo
Hello Ralf,
Very good shot. Good pov. good composition, good details,good lighting.
Best regards
Siefdried
hello Ralf;
great macro shot, nice image of this antique typewriter;
good sharpness and contrast
well done my friend;)
tfs;
regards Karolina
Fantástica composição.
Grande ângulo, a inclinação é o grande achado.
Essa é melhor de ver na miniatura.
Abraço
Raimundo
Olá Ralf,
Excelente foto com ótima nitidez e belas cores.
Parabéns!
Abraço,
Sergio
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- juyona
![Gold Star Critiquer [C: 2638 W: 1 N: 425]](http://i1.treklens.com/misc/g-n-n.gif)
(10173) - [2008-09-26 16:21]
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Hola Ralf,
original trabajo y fina composición,
magnífico pov,
saludos
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- zms
(0)
- [2008-09-27 1:21]
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Dear Ralf,
Indeed an example.
Thank You for the attached note.
Wonderful.
Have a very nice weekend
Friendly Greetings
Rosa
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- tibig
(7565)
- [2008-09-27 13:06]
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Very good presentation and interesting historical note. The lighting is well controlled too.
Regards,
Tibi
Olá Ralf
Uma foto criativa com um bom resultado.
Gosto dos detalhes do teclado, já tão desgastados pelo tempo...
Grande abraço e parabéns!
Vera
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- clnaef
![Gold Star Critiquer/Gold Workshop Editor/Silver Note Writer [C: 996 W: 54 N: 31]](http://i1.treklens.com/misc/g-g-s.gif)
(5769) - [2008-10-02 6:35]
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Bonjour,
Excellente idée très décorative.
Bonne journée.
clnaef
![Gold Star Critiquer/Gold Star Workshop Editor/Gold Note Writer [C: 2601 W: 82 N: 4879]](http://i1.treklens.com/misc/g-g-g.gif)
(20000)![Gold Star Critiquer/Silver Workshop Editor/Silver Note Writer [C: 685 W: 20 N: 15]](http://i1.treklens.com/misc/g-s-s.gif){kind=small}